Identification of priorities for medication safety in the neonatal intensive care unit via failure mode and effect analysis

Prevention of medication errors in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is of paramount importance due to age-specific and physiological conditions of neonates. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of medication prescription and administration via failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), which was carried out at the Research and Medical Teaching Center of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Methods: In this study, we adopted qualitative (action research) and quantitative (descriptive cross-sectional research) methods. The FMEA of the prescribed and administered medications in the NICU was performed using the nine-step FMEA by the National Center for Patient Safety. A diagram was plotted to determine the potential failure modes and effects of an error by the brainstorming team and to evaluate factors leading to errors. It was suggested to determine improvement strategies via interviews with team members and consider the requirements of the study units. Quantitative analysis of descriptive statistics (total points) was used to assess the content and qualitative data and reach expert consensus. Results: In this study, two processes, including prescription and use of drugs in the pediatric intensive care unit, were used. In this regard, seven activities, 29 sub-processes 29, and 68 failure modes were identified by FMEA technique, five of which were identified as high-risk modes using prioritization matrix. Moreover, a risk priority number (RPN) of 100 was considered critical for the possible errors in drug prescription by physicians and was proposed as a method to reduce or eliminate failure modes. Conclusion: FMEA is an effective proactive risk-assessment tool, used to help multidisciplinary teams to understand the healthcare process and identify the possible errors. In addition, it helps prioritize remedial interventions for patients and enhance the safety of drug prescription in neonates.